蔡翔宇 Kuma

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外國語使用者

Foreigner

2024.07/07文 → 圖文 蔡翔宇 Kuma 圖 小麵 Mian

小麵繪:外國語使用者
圖 / 小麵 Mian

人們是在法國與西班牙的邊境發現他的,跟班雅明一樣。

警察抵達現場時,這名男子正用一種眾人聽不懂的語言,試圖以一支手錶跟旅館老闆交換一週的住宿。

沒有人聽得懂他說的話。

法語、西班牙語、葡萄牙語,匈牙利語乃至希臘語他們都試過了,沒有人聽得懂這個坐在警署裡的男人的話。

警察慌了,通常英語能解決一切問題。他們找來語言學家(人們總覺得語言學家通曉世界上所有語言),隨著他們一個個搔起腦門,這個案子被轉移到法國的對外安全總局,又轉到英國軍情六處,仍然沒有頭緒。

倒是男人的身份查出來了,透過背包裡的證件,證實他是英國鄉村的一名小學老師,名叫安多拉.基斯。男人的妻子出面指認了他,基斯看到妻子時的反應很激動,一度起身拍打玻璃窗,可惜沒有人聽得懂他的呼喊。

語言學家輪番上陣,徹夜研究,最終得出兩個結論:一:男人所說的語言屬於孤立語言,與世界上的已知的任何一種語言的沒有聯繫。二:「他說的是真的語言!」語言學家的代表大聲宣佈他們努力許久獲得的成果:男人說的是一種真的語言,而不是精神病患的胡言亂語。

你們怎麼確定?有人問。

「看過《異星入境》嗎?我們建立了聯繫,詞彙是對應的。其實我的夥伴中有人認為它跟巴斯克語有所聯繫,那是種非常古老的歐洲語言,可以追溯回⋯⋯」

沒人聽得懂他後面說的。

但他們最後成功了。

語言學家重新教會了男人英語,而語言學家(當中的某些人)也學會了男人的語言。人們終於得以從男人口中聽到他的經歷。

令人驚訝的是,男人堅稱自己使用的是英語——他的母語。

據他所述,當時他正在當地徒步旅行,準備從法國走到西班牙。(這件事也得到了妻子的證實。)某天傍晚從山道走進準備落腳的村莊,忽然發現全村的人都聽不懂他講的話,又不會其他語言,勉強找到了間願意收留的旅店,終於花光了身上的錢,就發生了故事開頭的那一幕。

這番說辭聽起來跟紙糊的一樣薄弱,偏偏眾人就是找不到破綻。情治人員查遍了他的旅途,一切正常。那就是片普通的林子,有些古代碉堡啊什麼的,但沒有任何不尋常的東西。

一切的證據好像只剩下語言。

但就連語言本身也在消退。

基斯最終回到小學教書,偶爾有好事的人會要他用那個「英語」說幾句話,接著便哈哈大笑。很可惜這不能算是對話,由於缺乏練習,基斯正慢慢忘記這個語言。

好在語言學家已經記錄下來了。他們曾要求基斯說出他所記得關於這個語言的一切,從名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞到諺語、口語表達,乃至數十個小時的對話錄音,以及一整套給初學者的教學影片。

這些紀錄完整地保留了下來,甚至還有一本辭典,就以基斯的名稱命名。他們努力確保任何人只要有心,就能學會這門外語。

有人詢問跟基斯講過話、曾短暫學會這門語言的語言學家,講起它到底是什麼感覺?

「噢不,那不像人造語言,不是世界語或類似的東西。那是自然形成的語言,你可以想像一個村莊、一個城市乃至一整個國家的人日常生活都使用那種語言。如果古代語言的某個分支在某個不為人知的地方獨立演化到21世紀,或許就是那個樣子。你知道,有些人也認為日語是孤立語言,想像整個日本列島忽然只剩下一個人,我們只能想像他的悲傷。」

基斯辭典至今仍存放在倫敦大學語言研究所的資料室裡,辭典的最後一個條目記載了這本辭典唯一的人名:基斯的名字。男人在這個語言裡並不叫安多拉.基斯,而是班傑明.安道爾,彷彿一個巨大的諷刺。

The man was found on the border between France and Spain, just like Benjamin.

When the police arrived at the scene, the man was trying to exchange a watch for a week's accommodation at a hotel using a language that no one could understand.

No one could understand what he was saying.

They tried French, Spanish, Portuguese, Basque, Hungarian, and even Greek, but no one could understand what the man sitting in the police station was saying.

The police were慌了. Usually, English could solve all problems. They called in linguists (people always think that linguists know all the languages in the world), and as they scratched their heads one by one, the case was transferred to the French General Directorate of External Security, and then to the British MI6, but still no one had a clue.

However, the man's identity was查出來了. Through the documents in his backpack, it was confirmed that he was a primary school teacher in the English countryside named Andorra Keese. The man's wife came forward to identify him. Keese was very excited when he saw his wife and even stood up and patted the glass window, but no one could understand his cries.

Linguists took turns studying the language overnight and finally came to two conclusions: one, the language spoken by the man is an isolate language, and it is not related to any known language in the world. Two, "He speaks a real language!" The representative of the linguists loudly announced the results of their long efforts: the man speaks a real language, not the ravings of a madman.

"How are you sure?" someone asked.

"Have you seen the movie Arrival? We established a connection, the words are corresponding, in fact my friend Marcel thinks it's related to Basque, which is a very old European language, it can be traced back to..."

No one could understand what he said after that.

But they eventually succeeded.

The linguists retaught the man English, and the linguists (some of them) also learned the man's language. People were finally able to hear his story from the man's mouth.

Surprisingly, the man insisted that he was speaking English—his mother tongue.

According to him, he was hiking in the area at the time, planning to walk from France to Spain. (This was also confirmed by his wife.) One evening, he walked into a village from the mountain path and was about to settle down. He suddenly found that no one in the village could understand him, and he did not speak any other language. He barely found an inn that was willing to take him in, and finally spent all the money on him. The scene at the beginning of the story happened.

This statement sounds as thin as paper, but偏偏眾人就是找不到破綻. The intelligence personnel checked his journey and everything was normal. It was just an ordinary forest, with some ancient碉堡啊什麼的, but nothing unusual.

All the evidence seemed to be left in the language.

But even the language itself is disappearing.

Keese eventually returned to teaching primary school. Occasionally,好事的人 would ask him to say a few words in his "English", and then they would哈哈大笑. It is a pity that laughter cannot be considered a conversation. Due to lack of practice, Keese is slowly forgetting this language.

Fortunately, the linguists have already recorded it. They had asked Keese to say everything he remembered about the language, from nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs to proverbs, colloquialisms, and even dozens of hours of recorded dialogues, as well as a complete set of teaching videos for beginners.

These records have been completely preserved, and there is even a dictionary named after Keese. They tried to make sure that anyone who wanted to could learn this foreign language.

Some people asked the linguists who had talked to Keese and briefly learned the language, what was it like?

"Oh no, it's not like a constructed language, it's not Esperanto or anything like that. It's a natural language. You can imagine a village, a city, or even a whole country using that language in their daily lives. If a branch of an ancient language evolved independently to the 21st century in an unknown place, maybe that's what it would be like. You know, some people also think that Japanese is an isolate language. Imagine that the entire Japanese archipelago suddenly has only one person left. I understand his sadness."

The Keese Dictionary is still kept in the資料室 of the London University

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